Mount Everest, the highest mountain in the world, is a challenge that only a few brave souls dare to take. Standing tall at 29,029 feet above sea level, it’s not just the altitude that poses a danger, but the extreme cold, strong winds, and unpredictable weather conditions.
Even the most experienced climbers can face unexpected problems, and getting sick on Mount Everest is one of them. In this beginner’s guide, we will discuss what happens if you get sick on Mount Everest and what you can do to prevent it.
Altitude Sickness
Altitude sickness, also known as acute mountain sickness (AMS), is a common problem among climbers on Mount Everest. AMS occurs when the body is unable to adapt to the lower levels of oxygen at high altitudes. Symptoms include headache, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, and difficulty sleeping. If left untreated, AMS can lead to more severe forms of altitude sickness, such as high altitude cerebral edema (HACE) or high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), which can be life-threatening.
Climbers should be aware of the symptoms of AMS and take measures to prevent it. This includes spending several days at intermediate camps to acclimatize to the altitude, drinking plenty of fluids to stay hydrated, eating a balanced diet, and avoiding alcohol and sleeping pills.
In case of mild AMS symptoms, climbers can take medication such as acetazolamide or ibuprofen. If symptoms worsen or do not improve, climbers should descend to a lower altitude immediately.
HAPE
High altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a severe form of altitude sickness that occurs when fluid accumulates in the lungs. Symptoms include shortness of breath, coughing up frothy sputum, blue lips and fingernails, and chest tightness. If left untreated, HAPE can lead to respiratory failure and death.
HAPE can be prevented by following proper acclimatization procedures and avoiding overexertion. Climbers should also avoid smoking and exposure to cold, damp environments. In case of HAPE symptoms, climbers should immediately descend to a lower altitude and seek medical attention. Oxygen therapy and medication, such as nifedipine or sildenafil, can also help alleviate symptoms.
HACE
High altitude cerebral edema (HACE) is another severe form of altitude sickness that occurs when the brain swells due to lack of oxygen. Symptoms include headache, confusion, loss of coordination, and hallucinations. If left untreated, HACE can lead to coma and death.
HACE can be prevented by following proper acclimatization procedures and avoiding overexertion. Climbers should also stay hydrated and avoid alcohol and sleeping pills. In case of HACE symptoms, climbers should immediately descend to a lower altitude and seek medical attention. Oxygen therapy and medication, such as dexamethasone or glyceryl trinitrate, can also help alleviate symptoms.
Prevention
Preventing altitude sickness is the key to staying healthy on Mount Everest. Climbers should take their time acclimatizing to the altitude, which means spending several days at intermediate camps before attempting to summit. Hydration is also important, as climbers need to drink plenty of fluids to compensate for the dry mountain air. Eating a balanced diet and avoiding alcohol and sleeping pills can also help prevent AMS.
Climbers should also be aware of the risks associated with high altitude climbing and take proper precautions. This includes wearing appropriate clothing, using sunscreen and sunglasses to protect against UV radiation, and avoiding overexertion. Climbers should also be prepared for any emergency situation by carrying a first aid kit and emergency supplies.
Treatment
In case of altitude sickness, it is crucial to recognize the symptoms and take action immediately. Mild symptoms such as headache or nausea can be treated with medication such as acetazolamide or ibuprofen. However, if symptoms worsen or do not improve, climbers should descend to a lower altitude immediately. Oxygen therapy can also help alleviate symptoms and should be used in case of severe altitude sickness.
If a climber is unable to descend on their own, a rescue team may need to be called in. This can involve a complex and expensive operation, so it’s essential to have travel insurance that covers high altitude rescue.
Evacuation
In some cases, evacuation from the mountain may be necessary. This can be due to a variety of reasons, such as injury, illness, or worsening altitude sickness. Evacuation from Mount Everest can be a complicated and dangerous process, as it involves transporting the injured or sick person from high altitude to a lower altitude where medical treatment is available.
There are several options for evacuation from Mount Everest, including helicopter evacuation or evacuation by porters. However, these options can be expensive and may not be available in all situations. It’s important to have a plan in place and to have travel insurance that covers evacuation from high altitude locations.
Mental Health
Climbing Mount Everest can be an incredibly challenging and rewarding experience, but it can also take a toll on a person’s mental health. The extreme conditions, isolation, and physical demands can lead to anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues.
Climbers should prioritize their mental health and seek support from a mental health professional if needed. It’s also essential to have a strong support network of family and friends and to stay connected with them throughout the climb.
Related: Long-Term Physical and Mental Effects Of Climbing Mount Everest
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: How long does it take to climb Mount Everest?
It typically takes around two months to climb Mount Everest, including several weeks for acclimatization and setting up base camp and intermediate camps.
Q: How much does it cost to climb Mount Everest?
Climbing Mount Everest can cost anywhere from $30,000 to $100,000 or more, depending on the expedition company and level of support.
Q: How dangerous is Mount Everest?
Mount Everest is one of the most dangerous mountains in the world, with a high risk of altitude sickness, falls, avalanches, and extreme weather conditions.
Q: How do you prepare for climbing Mount Everest?
Preparation for climbing Mount Everest involves physical training, proper gear and equipment, and acclimatization to the altitude.
Q: Can anyone climb Mount Everest?
Climbing Mount Everest requires a high level of physical fitness, mountaineering skills, and experience. It is not recommended for beginners or those with medical conditions that may be exacerbated by high altitude.
Conclusion
In conclusion, climbing Mount Everest is a feat that requires careful preparation, physical and mental endurance, and a willingness to face unexpected challenges.
Getting sick on Mount Everest is a real possibility, but with proper acclimatization, prevention, and treatment, climbers can stay healthy and safe on their journey to the top of the world’s highest mountain.