Wyoming, known for its breathtaking landscapes and vast wilderness, offers a unique and captivating experience for outdoor enthusiasts. While many visitors are drawn to its iconic national parks and towering mountains, there is another world waiting to be discovered beneath the surface—the mesmerizing underground realm of Wyoming’s caves.
Caving, also known as spelunking, provides an opportunity to venture into the mysterious depths of the Earth, where stunning geological formations, ancient fossils, and a sense of adventure await.
This comprehensive guide aims to unravel the secrets of caving in Wyoming, providing you with everything you need to know to embark on an unforgettable subterranean journey.
From the different types of caves you can explore to the best locations in the state, safety precautions, essential gear, and more, we will equip you with the knowledge and insights to make your caving experience safe, enjoyable, and awe-inspiring.
Wyoming Caves: An Overview
Wyoming is home to over 700 caves, ranging from small and simple to complex and extensive. These caves are found in different regions of the state, from the Bighorn Mountains in the north to the Black Hills in the east and the Wind River Range in the west.
The state’s caves offer a wide range of geological features and formations, including stalactites, stalagmites, soda straws, helictites, flowstones, boxwork, and more. Many of these caves are still unexplored or have only been partially explored, offering endless opportunities for discovery and adventure.
Caving in Wyoming can be a thrilling and challenging experience, but it also requires proper preparation, safety measures, and equipment. The state has various rules and regulations for caving, and visitors are advised to follow them to ensure their safety and the preservation of the caves’ fragile ecosystems.
Visitors to Wyoming’s caves can also enjoy the state’s natural beauty and wildlife, as many of the caves are located in scenic areas and provide habitat for rare and endangered species such as bats. Cavers are encouraged to respect and protect the environment and wildlife while exploring the caves.
Types of Caves in Wyoming
Caves in Wyoming can be classified into different types based on their formation, geology, and location. Some of the most common types of caves in the state include limestone caves, lava tubes, and solution caves.
In this section, we’ll explore the different types of caves and what makes them unique.
- Limestone Caves
Limestone caves are formed by the dissolution of limestone rocks by water. Wyoming has several limestone cave systems, including the Wind Cave system in the Bighorn Mountains and the Cloud Peak Cave system in the Cloud Peak Wilderness.
- Solution Caves
Solution caves are formed by the chemical dissolution of soluble rocks such as gypsum, halite, and limestone. These caves can be found in areas with soluble rocks and abundant groundwater, such as the Gypsum Cave system in the Bighorn Mountains.
- Lava Caves
Lava caves are formed by the cooling and solidification of molten lava flows. Wyoming has several lava tube caves, including the Tepee Cave in the Shoshone National Forest.
- Ice Caves
Ice caves are formed by the freezing of water and the formation of ice crystals in the cave. Wyoming has several ice caves, including the Bridal Veil Ice Cave in the Bighorn Mountains.
- Talus Caves
Talus caves are formed by the collapse of rocks and boulders on a slope. These caves can be found in rocky areas such as the Teton Range in western Wyoming.
Each type of cave presents its own unique challenges and rewards for cavers. It is important for visitors to understand the features and characteristics of each type of cave to ensure their safety and enjoyment while exploring.
Best Places for Caving in Wyoming
Wyoming offers a plethora of opportunities for caving enthusiasts. From beginner-friendly caves to more challenging ones, the state has something for everyone. In this section, we’ll highlight some of the best places for caving in Wyoming and what makes them worth exploring.
1. Wind Cave National Recreation Area
Wind Cave National Recreation Area is located in the Bighorn Mountains, near the city of Worland. The area is home to several miles of mapped cave passages, including the third-longest cave in Wyoming.
Guided tours of the cave are available, and visitors can explore the cave’s stunning formations, including stalactites, stalagmites, and helictites.
2. Cloud Peak Wilderness
Cloud Peak Wilderness is located in the Bighorn Mountains, near the city of Sheridan. The area is home to several cave systems, including the Cloud Peak Cave system, which is one of the largest cave systems in the state.
These caves offer a range of geological formations, including stalactites, stalagmites, and flowstones. Visitors can explore the caves on guided tours or on their own, but are encouraged to follow proper safety protocols.
3. Tensleep Preserve
The Tensleep Preserve is located in the foothills of the Bighorn Mountains, near the town of Ten Sleep. The area is home to several cave systems, including the famous Tensleep Cave.
This cave features unique formations such as “drapery” and “curtain” formations, and visitors can explore it on guided tours. The preserve also offers hiking, fishing, and camping opportunities.
4. Fortification Cave
Fortification Cave is located in the Shoshone National Forest, near the town of Cody. The cave is known for its “boxwork” formations, which are rare and intricate mineral formations.
Visitors can explore the cave on guided tours and are advised to wear appropriate gear and follow safety guidelines.
5. Boars Tusk
Boars Tusk is a volcanic plug located in southwestern Wyoming, near the town of Rock Springs. The area offers a challenging caving experience, as visitors can explore the extensive lava tube system beneath the surface.
The cave features unique formations and passages, but visitors should be prepared for a difficult trek and bring appropriate gear.
6. Tongue River Cave
Tongue River Cave is located in the Tongue River Canyon, near the town of Dayton. The cave offers several miles of mapped passages to explore, featuring a range of formations including stalactites, stalagmites, and helictites.
Guided tours of the cave are available, and visitors are advised to wear appropriate gear and follow safety guidelines.
7. Sinks Canyon State Park
Sinks Canyon State Park is located in the Wind River Range, near the town of Lander. The park offers several cave systems to explore, including the popular Middle Fork Cave. The cave features unique formations such as “popcorn” and “soda straws,” and visitors can explore it on guided tours.
The park also offers hiking, fishing, and camping opportunities.
8. Deadman Cave
Deadman Cave is located in the Absaroka Mountains, near the town of Cody. The cave offers several miles of mapped passages to explore, featuring a range of formations including helictites and gypsum flowers. Guided tours of the cave are available, and visitors are advised to wear appropriate gear and follow safety guidelines.
9. Alcova Reservoir
Alcova Reservoir is located in central Wyoming, near the town of Casper. The area offers several cave systems to explore, including the popular Fremont Canyon Cave. The cave features unique formations such as “drapery” and “cave popcorn,” and visitors can explore it on guided tours. The area also offers boating, fishing, and camping opportunities.
These top caving destinations in Wyoming offer a range of geological formations and unique caving experiences for visitors of all skill levels. It is important for visitors to follow proper safety protocols and regulations to ensure their safety and the preservation of these fragile ecosystems.
Safety Tips for Caving in Wyoming
Caving can be a thrilling adventure, but it’s essential to take proper safety precautions. In this section, we’ll provide you with some useful safety tips to help you stay safe while exploring Wyoming’s caves.
1. Bring the Right Gear
Before entering a cave, make sure you have the appropriate gear. This should include a helmet, headlamp, sturdy shoes with good traction, gloves, and knee and elbow pads. Additionally, it’s a good idea to bring extra batteries and a backup light source.
2. Never Cave Alone
Always explore caves with at least one other person. This way, if something goes wrong, you have someone to help.
3. Check Weather Conditions
Make sure to check the weather conditions before heading out on your caving adventure. Heavy rain can cause flash floods in some caves, and thunderstorms can produce dangerous lightning.
4. Inform Someone of Your Plans
Make sure to let someone know where you will be caving and what time you expect to return. This way, if you don’t return at the expected time, someone will know to come looking for you.
5. Stay on Designated Trails
Always stay on designated trails when exploring caves. This not only helps to protect the cave’s delicate ecosystem but also helps to prevent you from getting lost or injured.
6. Be Aware of Your Surroundings
Always be aware of your surroundings when caving. Look out for loose rocks or unstable surfaces and take care not to disturb any wildlife you may come across.
7. Know Your Limits
Caving can be physically demanding, and it’s important to know your limits. Don’t push yourself too hard, and take regular breaks to rest and hydrate.
8. Stay Hydrated and Fueled
Make sure to bring plenty of water and snacks with you on your caving trip. Staying hydrated and fueled will help you maintain your energy levels and keep you alert and focused.
9. Stay Calm in Emergencies
If an emergency does occur, stay calm and assess the situation. If possible, try to contact emergency services, but remember that it may take time for help to arrive. In the meantime, do your best to stay safe and take care of any injured members of your group.
10. Respect the Environment
Finally, always respect the cave environment. Avoid touching or damaging any formations, and make sure to pack out all your trash and belongings. By treating the caves with respect, we can help ensure they remain available for future generations to enjoy.
What to Bring for a Successful Caving Trip in Wyoming
To make the most out of your caving adventure, it’s essential to bring the right gear and equipment. In this section, we’ll go over the essential items you’ll need to bring for a successful caving trip in Wyoming.
1. Helmet
A helmet is one of the most important pieces of gear you can bring on a caving trip. It will protect your head from bumps and falls, which are common in caves. Choose a helmet that fits well and has a chin strap to keep it securely in place.
Look for helmets that are specifically designed for caving, as they will offer more protection than a regular bicycle helmet.
2. Headlamp and Extra Batteries
A headlamp is necessary for lighting your way through the cave, and it is essential to have extra batteries on hand. Choose a headlamp with a high-powered LED light, as this will provide the most visibility. Bring at least one set of extra batteries, and make sure they are fully charged.
3. Sturdy Shoes With Good Traction
Caves can be slippery and uneven, so it’s important to wear sturdy shoes with good traction. Look for shoes with non-slip soles and ankle support, as this will help you navigate the cave safely. Avoid wearing sandals or shoes with open toes, as these offer little protection for your feet.
4. Gloves
Gloves are important for protecting your hands while caving. Choose gloves that fit well and provide good grip, as you will need to use your hands to navigate the cave. Look for gloves that are made from durable materials like leather or synthetic fabric.
5. Knee and Elbow Pads
Knee and elbow pads are not always necessary, but they can provide extra protection in case of a fall. They can also be useful for crawling through tight spaces. Look for pads that fit well and provide good cushioning.
6. Clothing Suitable for Caving
It’s important to wear appropriate clothing for caving. Choose clothes that are comfortable, breathable, and easy to move in. Avoid wearing cotton, as it can absorb moisture and become heavy and uncomfortable.
Instead, opt for synthetic fabrics like polyester or nylon, which are quick-drying and moisture-wicking. Wear layers, as caves can be chilly, even in the summer.
7. First Aid Kit
A first aid kit is essential for any outdoor adventure, including caving. Make sure your kit includes basic supplies like bandages, antiseptic wipes, and gauze. If anyone in your group has allergies or requires medication, make sure to bring those as well.
8. Map and Compass
A map and compass can be useful for navigating through the cave. Make sure you know how to read a map and use a compass before you go. If you are unsure, consider taking a navigation course before your caving trip.
9. Communication Devices
It’s important to have a way to communicate with the outside world while caving. Cell phone reception is often spotty or nonexistent in caves, so consider bringing a two-way radio or a satellite phone. Make sure you know how to use your communication device before you go.
10. Food and Water
Caving can be a physically demanding activity, so it’s important to bring enough food and water to keep you fueled and hydrated. Bring snacks that are easy to eat and provide quick energy, like trail mix or energy bars. Bring at least one liter of water per person, and consider bringing a water filter or purification tablets in case you run out.
11. Emergency Supplies
Finally, it’s important to bring emergency supplies in case of an unexpected situation. Consider bringing a whistle, a signal mirror, and a space blanket. These items can be useful for attracting attention and staying warm in case of an emergency.
Etiquette for Caving in Wyoming
Caving is not only about exploring underground wonders but also about respecting the natural environment and other caving enthusiasts. In this section, we’ll discuss some etiquette rules to follow while caving in Wyoming to ensure that everyone can enjoy the experience.
1. Cave Conservation
Caves are delicate ecosystems that can easily be damaged by human activities. Therefore, it is crucial to be mindful of your actions when exploring a cave. Avoid touching or removing any formations, as they take thousands of years to form.
Never leave any trash or litter behind, as it can harm the environment and wildlife that depend on the cave. Also, avoid smoking or starting a fire inside the cave, as it can cause serious damage.
2. Leave No Trace
The principles of Leave No Trace should be followed when caving in Wyoming. This means that you should aim to leave the cave in the same condition as you found it, with no evidence of your visit.
This includes packing out all trash and waste, including human waste if necessary. Avoid leaving any marks or scratches on the walls or formations.
3. Respect Wildlife
Caves are often home to a variety of unique wildlife, including bats, salamanders, and other creatures. It is essential to respect their habitat and avoid disturbing them. Keep your distance from any animals you encounter and avoid shining lights directly on them, as it can disrupt their natural behavior.
If you encounter any bats, do not touch them, as they can easily be disturbed and may carry diseases.
4. Be Mindful of Other Cavers
If you encounter other cavers in a cave, be sure to be respectful and courteous. Keep your voice low to avoid disturbing others, and avoid shining your lights directly at other groups. Be patient and wait for others to pass in tight spaces, and never cut in front of other cavers in line.
5. Follow Local Regulations
Different caves may have different regulations and restrictions in place to protect the environment and ensure visitor safety. Be sure to research and follow any rules or guidelines set forth by the cave management or park rangers. This may include obtaining permits, following specific routes or trails, and avoiding certain areas of the cave.
Common Caving Terms and Definitions
Caving has its language, and knowing some of the most common terms and definitions can help you better understand the activity and communicate with other caving enthusiasts. In this section, we’ll provide you with a list of some of the most common caving terms and their definitions.
1. Speleology
Speleology is the scientific study of caves and their ecosystems. It encompasses various fields such as geology, biology, and archaeology.
2. Stalactite
A stalactite is a mineral deposit that hangs from the ceiling of a cave. It is formed by the slow dripping of mineral-rich water, which leaves behind deposits of calcite or other minerals.
3. Stalagmite
A stalagmite is a mineral deposit that rises from the cave floor. It is formed by the accumulation of mineral deposits from water that drips onto the cave floor.
4. Karst
Karst is a type of landscape formed by the dissolution of soluble rocks such as limestone, dolomite, and gypsum. It is characterized by underground drainage systems and unique surface features such as sinkholes and disappearing streams.
5. Caving Gear
Caving gear refers to the specialized equipment used for exploring caves. This includes helmets, headlamps, ropes, harnesses, and other safety gear.
6. Vertical Caving
Vertical caving refers to the exploration of caves that require specialized techniques and equipment for descending and ascending vertical shafts or pits.
7. Horizontal Caving
Horizontal caving refers to the exploration of caves that do not require specialized techniques or equipment for descending or ascending.
8. Cave System
A cave system is a network of connected caves and passages.
9. Cave Formation
Cave formation refers to the process by which caves are created through natural geological processes such as erosion, weathering, and dissolution.
10. Cave Passage
A cave passage is a section of a cave that can be traversed by cavers. It may vary in size from large rooms to tight crawlspaces.
Related: Unexplored Caves In Connecticut
Final Thoughts
Caving in Wyoming can be a thrilling and unforgettable experience for those who love exploring the underground world. With its unique geology, diverse landscapes, and a plethora of caves, Wyoming offers endless opportunities for caving enthusiasts.
By following the safety rules, respecting the environment and other cavers, and planning ahead, you can make the most out of your caving adventure in Wyoming.